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Early initiation of a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator in an elderly patient with refractory HFrEF
The patient was an 80-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus controlled with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), hypertension and coronary artery disease, for which he underwent stenting in October 2023. He also had a pacemaker implanted for heart block. His left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ranged between 40–50 percent. For several years, he had been managed as an outpatient for mild heart failure (HF) symptoms and maintained independence in activities of daily living (ADL).
Early initiation of a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator in an elderly patient with refractory HFrEF
23 Apr 2025
Long-term oral progestogen therapy effective, well tolerated in endometriosis management
Endometriosis is a chronic disease, which requires interventions that are both effective and well tolerated in the long term. Dr Tak-Keung Sum, Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in private practice in Hong Kong, reviews clinical and real-world evidence on the long-term efficacy and safety of an oral progestogen, dienogest (Visanne®, Bayer), and shares his personal experience in managing endometriosis across different patient profiles.