Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, et al. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Dec;18(Suppl Suppl 7):19-37. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12039. Accessed 10 Sep 2013. PMID: 23137135
Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Mar;48(5):503-535. doi: 10.1086/596757. PMID: 19191635
Henderson HM, Chapman SW. Infections due to fungi, actinomycetes, and nocardia. In: Reese RF, Chapman SW, Penn RL. Reese and Betts’ A Practical Approach to Infectious Diseases. 5th: Lippincott, William and Wilkins; 2002:592-597.
Cohen J, Powderly WG, Berkley SF, et al. Cohen and Powderly: infectious diseases. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Mosby; 2004
Edwards JE. Candida Species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Inc; 2005.
Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. National antibiotic guideline 2014, 2nd edition. Pharmaceutical Services Divisions, MOH Malaysia. http://www.pharmacy.gov.my. Dec 2014. Accessed 16 Jul 2015.
Pappas PG, Kauffman CA. Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Disease Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb;62(4):e1-e50. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ933. Accessed 15 Feb 2016. PMID: 26679628
Coronado-Castellote L, Jiménez-Soriano Y. Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of oral candidiasis. J Clin Exp Den. 2013 Dec;5(5):e279-286. doi: 10.4317/jced.51242. PMID: 24455095
Giannini PJ, Shetty KV. Diagnosis and management of oral candidiasis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011 Feb;44(1):231-240. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2010.09.010. PMID: 21093632
Gomez J. Oral candidiasis. DermNet. https://dermnetnz.org/. Oct 2021.
Kauffman CA. Esophageal candidiasis in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Apr 2022.
Kauffman CA. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Mar 2022.
Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. National Institutes of Health. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/. Jan 2023.
Roifman CM. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Jan 2023.
Sobel JD. Candida vulvovaginitis: Treatment. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Dec 2022.
Taylor M, Brizuela M, Raja A. Oral candidiasis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Sep.
Vazquez JA. Overview of candida infections. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Mar 2022.
Association of Indonesian Dermatologists and Venereologists. Dermatology and Venereology Clinical Practice Guide: Perdoski; 2021:1-516.
Chen SC, Perfect J, Colombo AL, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare yeast infections: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;21(12):e375-e386. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00203-6. PMID: 34419208
US Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. AIDSInfo. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/. 2019.
Cornely OA, Sprute R, Bassetti M, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025 Feb:S1473-3099(24)00749-7. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00749-7. PMID: 39956121
Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: candidiasis (mucocutaneous). National Institutes of Health. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/. Sep 2024.
