Renal Cancer Disease Summary

Last updated: 19 August 2025

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Overview

Renal cancer is a disease in which the cells in certain tissues of the kidney start to grow uncontrollably and form a tumor, as stated in the Introduction section.

Renal cancer is the most common solid lesion within the kidney and represents 2% of all cancers. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of renal cancer is discussed in the Epidemiology section.

Many risk factors in the development of renal cancer have been reported, which are enumerated in the Risk Factors section.



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History and Physical Examination

The Clinical Presentation section describes the clinical features seen in patients with renal cancer based on their History and Physical Examination.

Diagnosis

Different laboratory studies requested for renal cancer are enumerated in the Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries section. Detailed discussion of imaging studies done for the evaluation of renal cancer is seen in the Imaging section.

Other diseases that can present with the same signs and symptoms as renal cancer are listed in the Differential Diagnosis section.

Management

Different staging systems describing the anatomic and histologic changes in renal cell carcinoma help in the evaluation and management of patients with renal cancer. These are enumerated in the Evaluation section.

The Pharmacological Therapy section discusses in detail immunomodulation agents, and systemic and supportive therapies that are available in the management of renal cancer.

Surgery is the preferred treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma. The different surgical procedures and ablative techniques for the management of renal cancer are discussed in the Surgery section.

Options for radiation therapy suitable for renal cancer patients depending on their clinical conditions are discussed in the Radiation Therapy section.

The Monitoring section discusses follow-up suggestions depending on the stage of the renal cancer.

The Prognosis section lists several prognostic factors used for better understanding in the management of patients with renal cancer.