Rheumatic Fever - Acute References

Last updated: 13 August 2026
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  3. Rheumatic Fever/Porter RS, Kaplan JL, Homeier BP, et al Rheumatic Fever. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc; 2008. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec19/ch281/ch281a.html
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  5. Gerber MA. Group A streptococcus. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2007.
  6. Park MK. Acute rheumatic fever. In: Park MK. Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, Elsevier; 2008.
  7. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Cardiology/7/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Cardiology.xml
  8. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics-News.xml
  9. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever (Diagnosis, management and secondary prevention; no. 1). Australia: The National Heart Foundation of Australia. http://www.nhf.org.nz/files/Rheumatic%20fever%20guideline%
  10. Carapetis J, Brown A, Walsh W, et al, for The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Australia: an evidence-based review. The National Heart Foundation of Australia website. http://doctor-ru.org/main/1800/1805.pdf. Jun 2006.
  11. Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, et al; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 May;131(20):1806-1818. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000205. Accessed 14 Sep 2015. PMID: 25908771
  12. Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;55(10):e86-e102. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis629. Accessed 14 Sep 2015. PMID: 22965026
  13. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: 2014 update. Heart Foundation website. http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/uploads/HF2227A_Rheumatic_Fever_Guideline_v3.pdf. 2014. Accessed 14 Sep 2015.
  14. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: group A streptococcal sore throat management: 2014 update. Heart Foundation website. http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/uploads/sore_throat_guideline_14_10_06_FINAL-revised.pdf. 2014. Accessed 14 Sep 2015.
  15. The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand and The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand guidelines for rheumatic fever: proposed rheumatic fever primary prevention programme. Heart Foundation website. http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/uploads/Rheumatic%20Fever%20Guideline%203(6).pdf. May 2009. Accessed 14 Sep 2015.
  16. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Sore throat. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne website. http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Sore_Throat/. 2015. Accessed 14 Sep 2015.
  17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Acute rheumatic fever. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/. 12 Jul 2018. Accessed 17 Jun 2020.
  18. National Heart Foundation of New Zealand. Group A streptococcal sore throat management guideline. 2019 Update. National Heart Foundation of New Zealand. https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/. 19 Jun 2019. Accessed 17 Jun 2020.
  19. Sika-Paotonu D, Beaton A, Raghu A, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. In: Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, eds. Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet]. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2017 Mar. Accessed 27 Jun 2020.
  20. Steer A, Gibofsky A. Acute rheumatic fever: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 10 Mar 2022. Accessed 24 Jun 2020.
  21. Steer A, Gibofsky A. Acute rheumatic fever: epidemiology and pathogenesis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 05 Oct 2020. Accessed 24 Jun 2020.
  22. Steer A, Gibofsky A. Acute rheumatic fever: treatment and prevention. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 06 Dec 2019. Accessed 24 Jun 2020.
  23. Szczygielska I, Hernik E, Kolodziejczyk B, et al. Rheumatic Fever – new diagnostic criteria. Rheumatologia. 2018 Feb;56(1):37-41. doi: 10.5114/reum.2018.74748. Accessed 17 Jun 2020. PMID: 29686441
  24. Weinberg GA. Rheumatic fever. MSD Manual Professional Version. https://www.msdmanuals.com/. Mar 2020. Accessed 25 Jun 2020.
  25. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al; ESC/EACTS Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022 Feb;43(7):561-632. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395. PMID: 34453165
  26. Menzies School of Health Research (ARF/RHD Writing Group). Australian guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (edition 3.3). Menzies School of Health Research, Heart Foundation. https://rhdaustralia.org.au. 2025.
  27. Mocumbi AO. Rheumatic fever. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, et al, eds. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2026. https://www.clinicalkey.com. :1503-1512.