Overview
Urinary tract
infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children, as
stated in the Introduction
section.
Urinary tract infections are among the most
common bacterial infections in children and represent a significant global
health burden. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of urinary tract
infection is in the Epidemiology
section.
Discussions on the probable pathogens and
non-pathogens that cause urinary tract infections are in the Etiology section.
The Pathophysiology section
states that the most common route of urinary tract infection is the ascending
spread of bacteria from the urethra to the bladder.
The developmental process
of urinary tract infection in children is in this section.
The Risk Factors section
enumerates the conditions associated with the development of urinary tract
infections in children.
The Classification section
discusses the different types of urinary tract infection based on location,
clinical presentation, clinical course, episode, complicating factors, and
symptoms.
Urinary Tract Infection Pediatric_Disease SummaryHistory and Physical Examination
The Clinical
Presentation section
describes the clinical features consistent with urinary tract infection based
on the patient’s age and severity.
The History section
explains the importance of obtaining a thorough history in the diagnosis of
childhood urinary tract infections, while the Physical
Examination section
enumerates the things to be assessed in these patients.
Diagnosis
Discussions on urine
specimen collection, urinalysis, urine culture, and other lab exams in the evaluation
of urinary tract infection are in the Laboratory
Tests and Ancillaries section.
The Imaging section
emphasizes the indications for early and delayed imaging and the different
types of imaging studies that may be done in children with urinary tract
infections.
Other conditions that should be ruled out in
the diagnosis of urinary tract infection are listed in the Differential Diagnosis section.
Management
Indications for
hospital admission are enumerated in the Evaluation
section.
The Pharmacological
Therapy section discusses treatment
options for patients who are managed in the outpatient and inpatient or
hospital settings, as well as the duration of treatment. This section also
includes antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment for vesicoureteral reflux.
The Nonpharmacological
section includes things to educate the patient about the management of urinary
tract infections and other important interventions.
Surgical options for children diagnosed with
vesicoureteral reflux are in the Surgery section.
The Monitoring section identifies indications
for specialist referrals in children with urinary tract infections.
