Monitoring
Outpatients with pyelonephritis should follow up within 48-72 hours. Further genitourinary investigation (eg abdominal/pelvic imaging) should be performed in cases of worsening or persistent symptoms or a delayed or incomplete response to appropriate antimicrobial therapy, as well as early recurrence of infection after therapy. Repeat urine culture and susceptibility testing should be performed as needed to guide therapy. For patients presenting with hematuria, urinalysis should be performed to ensure that the causative agent has been eradicated and to check for persistence.