Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostics

Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries

Laboratory tests to be done during the first visit include the following:

• Fasting plasma glucose, random plasma glucose, or 2-hour plasma glucose during a 75-g OGTT
• HbA1c, if not done within the past 2 to 3 months
• If not done within the past year, include:
  • Fasting lipid profile (ie total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG)
  • Liver function tests (LFTs)
  • Urine albumin excretion with spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
  • Renal function tests (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
  • Urinalysis: Ketones, glucose, protein, sediments
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in type 1 diabetes mellitus, patients with dyslipidemia
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)