Asthma (Pediatric) References

Last updated: 18 August 2026
  1. Liu Ah, Bacharier LB, Fitzpatrick AM, et al. Childhood asthma. In: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2025.
  2. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Allergy-%26-Immunology/3/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Allergy-Immunology-News.xml
  3. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics-News.xml
  4. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Respiratory-Medicine/40/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Respiratory-Medicine-News.xml
  5. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org/. May 2026.
  6. Liu AH, Covar RA, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Childhood asthma. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2016.
  7. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Difficult-to-treat and severe asthma in adolescent and adult patients: Diagnosis and management. A GINA pocket guide for health professionals. GINA website. http://ginasthma.org/. Nov 2018.
  8. Wenzel S. Severe asthma phenotypes. UptoDate. http://uptodate.com/. May 2019.
  9. British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. SIGN 158: British guideline on the management of asthma. A national clinical guideline. Revised edition published July 2019. British Thoracic Society. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/. Jul 2019. Accessed 16 Sep 2019.
  10. De Keyser HH, Chipps B, Dinakar C, et al; AAP Section on Allergy and Immunology, Section on Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine. Biologics for asthma and allergic skin diseases in children. Pediatrics. 2021 Oct;148(5):e2021054270. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-054270. PMID: 34663682
  11. Gaillard EA, Kuehni CE, Turner S, et al. European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in children 5-16 years. Eur Respir J. 2021 Apr;2004173. doi: 10.1183/13993003.04173-2020. PMID: 33863747
  12. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/. 22 Mar 2021.
  13. Sawicki G, Haver K. Asthma in children younger than 12 years: management of persistent asthma with controller therapies. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 28 Jun 2021.
  14. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2025. GINA. http://www.ginasthma.org/. May 2025. Accessed 11 Aug 2023.
  15. Guilbert TW, Mauger DT, Lemanske RF Jr. Childhood asthma-predictive phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014 Nov;2(6):664-670. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.09.010. PMID: 25439355
  16. Vogelberg C. Preschool children with persistent asthmatic symptoms. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2019 Mar;15:451-460. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S170979. PMID: 30936707
  17. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. GINA. https://www.ginasthma.org. May 2026.
  18. Alqarni MA, Elzayat KA, Alqathama BR, et al. Asthma in children: principles of diagnosis and management. The Review of Diabetic Studies. 2025 Jun;21(6):423-431. doi: 10.70082/v1sr7718.
  19. Dharmage SC, Perret JL, Custovic A. Epidemiology of asthma in children and adults. Front Pediatr. 2019 Jun;7. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00246. PMID: 31275909
  20. Diaconu ID, Gheorman V, Grigorie GA, et al. A comprehensive look at the development of asthma in children. Children. 2024 May;11(581):1-21. doi: 10.3390/children11050581.
  21. Lizzo JM, Goldin J, Cortes S. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 May.
  22. Manti S, Magri P, De Silvestri A, et al. Epidemiology of severe asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2024 Oct;33(174). doi: 10.1183/16000617.0095-2024. PMID: 39384302
  23. Song WJ, Wong GWK. Changing trends and challenges in the management of asthma in Asia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Nov;140(5):1272-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.008. PMID: 28964883
  24. Yasaratne D, Idrose NS, Dharmage SC. Asthma in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). Respirology. 2023 Nov;28(11):992-1004. doi: 10.1111/resp.14590. PMID: 37702387
  25. Zhou W, Tang J. Prevalence and risk factors for childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2025 Jan;25(1). doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05409-x. PMID: 39833735