Infectious Arthritis References

Last updated: 20 August 2025
  1. Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Jan 04, 2011. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb;52(3):e18-e55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208910. PMID: 21208910
  2. Coakley G, Matthews C, Field M, et al. BSR & BHPR, BOA, RCGP and BSAC guidelines for management of the hot swollen joint in adults. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Aug;45(8):1039-1041. PMID: 16829534
  3. El-Sayed AM. Treatment of early septic arthritis of the hip in children: comparison of results of open arthrotomy versus arthroscopic drainage. Mar 06, 2008. J Child Orthop. 2008 Jun;2(3):229-237. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656801/pdf/11832_2008_Article_94.pdf. Accessed 27 Sep 2011. PMID: 19308583
  4. Garcia-De La Torre. Advances in the management of septic arthritis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;20(4):773-788. PMID: 17118290
  5. Haile Z, Khatua S. Beyond osteoarthritis: recognizing and treating infectious and other inflammatory arthropathies in your practice. Prim Care Clin Office Pract. 2010 Dec;37(4):713-727. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2010.07.004. PMID: 21050953
  6. Horowitz DL, Katzap E, Horowitz S, Barilla-LaBarca ML. Approach to septic arthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Sep;84(6):653-660. PMID: 21916390
  7. Kang SN, Sanghera T, Mangwani J, et al. The management of septic arthritis in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009 Sep;91(9):1127-1133. http://medicine.tums.ac.ir/FA/Users/ramin_espandar/Journal%20Club%204,88/The%20management%20of%20septic%20arthritis%20in%20Children.PDF. Accessed 27 Sep 2011. PMID: 19721035
  8. Ma L, Cranney A, Holroyd-Leduc JM. Acute monoarthritis: what I the cause of my patients's painful swollen joint?. CMAJ. 2009 Jan;180(1):59-65. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.080183. PMID: 19124791
  9. Matthews CJ, Coakley G. Septic arthritis: current diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008 Jul;20(4):457-462. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283036975. PMID: 18525361
  10. Matthews CJ, Weston VC, Jones A, et al. Bacterial septic arthritis in adults. Lancet. 2010 Mar;357(9717):846-855. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61595-6. PMID: 20206778
  11. Visser S, Tupper J. Septic until proven otherwise. Can Fam Physician. 2009 Apr;55(4):374-3745. PMID: 19366944
  12. Ferri FF. Arthritis, infectious. In: Alvero R, Borkan JM, Dobbs MR, et al, eds. Ferri’s clinical advisor. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Inc, an affiliate of Elsevier; 2012
  13. Dlabach JA, Park AL. Infectious Arthritis. In: Canale ST, Beaty JH. Canale and Beaty: Campbell’s operative orthopedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2008
  14. George HO, Siraj DS, Cook PP. Bacterial arthritis. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Harris ED Jr, et al. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier W.B. Saunders; 2008
  15. Lampe RM. Suppurative arthritis (septic arthritis). In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, Elsevier; 2007
  16. Ohl CA. Infectious arthritis of native joints. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Inc; 2009
  17. Gutierrez KM. Infectious and inflammatory arthritis. In: Long SS, Pickering LK. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Inc; 2008
  18. Goldenberg DL, Sexton DJ. Septic arthritis in adults. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/septic-arthritis-in-adults. 2013
  19. Krogstad P. Bacterial arthritis: treatment and outcome in infants and children. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-arthritis-treatment-and-outcome-in-infants-and-children?topicKey=PEDS%2F6033&elapsedTimeMs=12&view=print&displayedView=full#.Lampe. 31 Oct 2022.
  20. Cho HJ, Burke LA, Lee M. Septic arthritis. Hosp Med Clin. 2014 Oct;3(4):494-503. doi: 10.1016/j.ehmc.2014.06.009. Accessed 29 Nov 2018
  21. Goldenberg DL, Sexton DJ. Septic arthritis in adults. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com. Sep 2017. Accessed 03 Dec 2018.
  22. Krogstad P. Bacterial arthritis: clinical features and diagnosis in infants and children. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com. Nov 2018. Accessed 04 Dec 2018.
  23. Krogstad P. Bacterial arthritis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and microbiology in infants and children. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com. May 2018. Accessed 04 Dec 2018.
  24. Krogstad P. Bacterial arthritis: treatment and outcome in infants and children. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com. Apr 2018. Accessed 04 Dec 2018.
  25. Mathews CJ. Bone and joint infections. Medicine. 2018 Apr;46(4):247-251. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.01.007. Accessed 03 Dec 2018
  26. Mathews CJ, Kingsley G, Field M, et al. Management of septic arthritis: a systematic review. Postgrad Med J. 2008 May;84(991):265-270. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.058909. Accessed 29 Nov 2018. PMID: 18508984
  27. Montgomery NI, Epps HR. Pediatric septic arthritis. Orthop Clin N Am. 2017 Apr;48(2):209-216. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2016.12.008. Accessed 29 Nov 2018. PMID: 28336043
  28. Ohl CA, Forster D. Infectious Arthritis of native joints. In: Bennet JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ. . Mandell, Douglas, and Bennet’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2015. 1302-1317. Accessed 03 Dec 2018:1302-1317.
  29. Pääkkönen M. Septic arthritis in children: diagnosis and treatment. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2017;8:65-68. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S115429. Accessed 28 Nov 2018. PMID: 29388627
  30. Saavedra-Lozano J, Falup-Pecurariu O, Faust SN, et al. Bone and joint infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017 Aug;36(8):788-799. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001635. Accessed 29 Nov 2018. PMID: 28708801
  31. Scharff KA, Richards EP, Townes JM. Clinical management of septic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013 Jun;15(6):332. doi: 10.1007/s11926-013-0332-4. Accessed 06 Jun 2018. PMID: 23591823
  32. Cook PP, Siraj DS. Bacterial arthritis. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, et al. Kelley and Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-31696-5.00109-1. Accessed 04 Mar 2019:1876-1890.
  33. Fort GG. Septic arthritis. In: Ferri FF. Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2019. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-53042-2.00771-9. Accessed 04 Mar 2019:1243-1244.
  34. Kaplan SL. Septic arthritis. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-7566-8.00685-2. Accessed 04 Mar 2019:3327-3330.
  35. Mascioli AA, Park AL. Infectious arthritis. In: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Canale ST. Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics. 13th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-37462-0.00022-7. Accessed 04 Mar 2019:788-811.
  36. McGregor L, Field M. Acute monoarthritis. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, et al. Kelley and Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-31696-5.00041-3. Accessed 04 Mar 2019:605-614.
  37. Tice AD, Rehm SJ, Dalovisio JR, et al. Practice guidelines for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. IDSA guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jun;38(12):1651-1672. doi: 10.1086/420939. Accessed 04 Mar 2019. PMID: 15227610
  38. Benito N, Martínez-Pastor JC, Lora-Tamayo J, et al. Executive summary: guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis in adults and children, developed by the GEIO (SEIMC), SEIP and SECOT. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2024 Apr;42(4):208-214. doi: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.07.007. PMID: 37919201
  39. He M, Arthur Vithran DT, Pan L, et al. An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 May;2(13)(Suppl 1193645). doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645. PMID: 37249986
  40. Woods CR, Bradley JS, Chatterjee A, et al, Clinical Practice Guideline by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). 2023 guideline on diagnosis and management of acute bacterial arthritis in pediatrics. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024 Jan;29(13)(Suppl 1):1-59. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piad089. PMID: 37941444