Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2016 Jan 14;37(3):267-315. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320. Accessed 11 Apr 2016. PMID: 26320110
Levine GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, et al; Focused Update Writing Group. 2016 ACC/AHA guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Mar 23:pii:S0735-S1097(16)01699-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.513. Accessed 09 Aug 2016. PMID: 27036918
Patel MR, Calhoon JH, Dehmer GJ, et al. ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2016 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Feb;69(5):570-591. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.034. Accessed 18 Apr 2017. PMID: 28012615
Tan JWC, Lam CSP, Kasim SS, et al. Asia-Pacific consensus statement on the optimal use of high-sensitivity troponin assays in acute coronary syndromes diagnosis: focus on hs-TnI. Heart Asia. 2017;9(1):81-87. doi: 10.1136/heartasia-2016-010818. Accessed 07 Aug 2017
Rodriguez F, Mahaffey KW. Management of patients with NSTE-ACS: a comparison of the recent AHA/ACC and ESC guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jul 19;68(3):313-321. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.599. Accessed 19 Sep 2017. PMID: 27417010
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006. Accessed 16 Nov 2017. PMID: 29146535
Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); ESC National Cardiac Societies. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2018 Jan 14;39(3):213-260. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419. Accessed 15 Jan 2018. PMID: 28886622
Ministry of Health Malaysia, Academy of Medicine Malaysia, National Heart Association of Malaysia. Clinical practice guidelines of stable coronary artery disease 2018. 2nd edition. Academy of Medicine of Malaysia. http://www.acadmed.org.my. 2018. Accessed 29 Jan 2019.
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. European Society of Cardiology (ESC). http://www.escardio.org. 31 Aug 2019. Accessed 03 Mar 2023.
Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2021 Apr 7;42(14):1289-1367. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575. Accessed 01 Sep 2020. PMID: 32860058
Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al; ESC National Cardiac Societies, ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 7;42(34):3227-3337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484. Accessed 15 Dec 2021. PMID: 34458905
Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Nov;144(22):e368-e454. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029. Accessed 18 Dec 2021. PMID: 34709879
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Acute coronary syndromes. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk. 18 Nov 2020. Accessed 18 Dec 2021.
Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Angina. Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. https://www.heartandstroke.ca. 2022. Accessed 21 Feb 2022.
Ghias S. Utility of CT coronary angiography in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. British Cardiovascular Society. https://www.britishcardiovascularsociety.org. 2020.
Ministry of Health Malaysia, National Heart Association of Malaysia, Academy of Medicine Malaysia. Management of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTE-ACS). 3rd ed. National Heart Association of Malaysia. https://www.malaysianheart.org. 17 Sep 2021.
Damluji AA, Forman DE, Wang TY, et al. Management of acute coronary syndrome in the older adult population: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Jan 17;147(3):e32-e62. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001112. PMID: 36503287
Tan JWC, Chew DP, Tsui KL, et al. 2021 Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology consensus recommendations on the use of P2Y12 receptor antagonists in the Asia-Pacific region: special populations. Eur Cardiol. 2021 Feb;16:e43. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2021.35. Accessed 14 Mar 2023. PMID: 34815751
Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022 Jan 18;145(3):e18-e114. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001038. Accessed 18 Dec 2021. PMID: 34882435
Marx N, Federici M, Schutt K, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J. 2023 Aug 25;ehad192. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192. Accessed 04 Sep 2023. PMID: 37622663
Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023 Aug 25;ehad191. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191. Accessed 04 Sep 2023. PMID: 37622654
Simons M, Breall JA. Overview of the acute management of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 06 Feb 2025.
Simons M, Breall JA. Overview of the nonacute management of unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 18 Sep 2024.
Sabouret P, Lemesle G, Bellemain-Appaix A, et al. Post-discharge and long-term follow-up after an acute coronary syndrome: International Collaborative Group of CNCF position paper. Arch Med Sci. 2022 Jun 23;18(4):839-854. doi: 10.5114/aoms/150321. PMID: 35832705
Rao SV, O'Donoghue ML, Ruel M, et al. 2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2025 Apr;151(13):e771-e862. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001309. Accessed 28 Mar 2025. PMID: 40014670
