Autism Spectrum Disorder References

Last updated: 14 August 2026
Reviewed by
  1. Baird G, Charman T, Cox A, et al. Current topic: screening and surveillance for autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Arch Dis Child. 2001 Jun;84(6):468-475. PMID: 11369559
  2. Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Ashwal S, et al. Practice parameter: screening and diagnosis of autism: report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2000 Aug;55(4):468-479. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10953176. PMID: 10953176
  3. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics-News.xml
  4. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Psychiatry/172/ www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Psychiatry-News.xml
  5. Ministry of Health Singapore. Autism spectrum disorders in pre-school children: AMS-MOH clinical practice guideline. MOH (Singapore). http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home.html. 2011
  6. Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysian Psychiatric Association, Malaysian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Association & Academy of Medicine Malaysia. Clinical practice guidelines on management of autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents. MOH Malaysia. http://www.moh.gov.my. 2014 Jul.
  7. Bridgemohan C. Autism spectrum disorder: screening tools. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Jul 2018.
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. SD: Screening and diagnosis for healthcare providers. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov. Apr 2018.
  9. Augustyn M, von Hahn LE. Autism spectrum disorder: clinical features. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 02 Aug 2021.
  10. Augustyn M, von Hahn LE. Autism spectrum disorder: evaluation and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 16 May 2022.
  11. Augustyn M. Autism spectrum disorder: terminology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 16 May 2022.
  12. Fuentes J, Hervás A, Howlin P. ESCAP practice guidance for autism: a summary of evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Jun;30(6):961-984. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01587-4. PMID: 32666205
  13. Hyman SL, Levy SE, Myers SM; AAP Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Identification, evaluation, and management of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics. 2020 Jan;145(1):e20193447. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3447. PMID: 31843864
  14. Lipkin PH, Macias MM; Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. Promoting optimal development: identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders through developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics. 2020 Jan;145(1):e20193449. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3449. PMID: 31843861
  15. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Autism spectrum disorder under 19s: support and management. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/. 14 Jun 2021.
  16. Whaikaha Ministry of Disabled People and Ministry of Education. Aotearoa New Zealand autism guideline. 3rd edition. Whaikaha Ministry of Disabled People. https://www.whaikaha.govt.nz/. 2022.
  17. Weissman L. Autism spectrum disorder: surveillance and screening in primary care. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 05 May 2022.
  18. Weissman L. Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: overview of management. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 19 Dec 2019.
  19. Weissman L. Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: pharmacologic interventions. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 27 Oct 2021.
  20. Weissman L. Autism spectrum disorder: screening tools. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 05 May 2022.
  21. Weissman L. Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: behavioral and educational interventions. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 01 Jan 2020.
  22. American Psychiatric Association. Autism spectrum disorder. In: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Text Revised. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
  23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): diagnostic criteria. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/. Nov 2022.
  24. Maenner MJ, Warren Z, Williams AR, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2023 Mar;72(2):1-14. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7202a1. PMID: 36952288
  25. College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Singapore (CPCHS). Clinical practice guidelines on autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents. 2nd edition. CPCHS. https://www.ams.edu.sg/. 2023.
  26. Raj S, Jemi MT, Mammen P. linical practice guidelines for cognitive impairment in Autism spectrum disorder - assessment and management. Indian J Psychiatry. 2025 Jan;67(1):117-127. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_811_24. PMID: 40046492
  27. Schering S. CDC report: autism rate rises to 1 in 31 children; authors attribute increase to better understanding, more screening. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://publications.aap.org/. 15 Apr 2025.
  28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clinical testing and diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/. May 2025.
  29. Hodis B, Mughal S, Saadabadi A. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
  30. Qiu S, Lu Y, Li Y, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Feb;284. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112679. Accessed 16 Sep 2026. PMID: 31735373