Quigley EM, Fried M, Gwee KA, et al. World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines irritable bowel syndrome: a global perspective update September 2015. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;50(9):704-713. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000653. Accessed 6 May 2016. PMID: 27623513
Drossman DA. Functional gastrointestinal disorders: history, pathophysiology, clinical features, and Rome IV
. Gastroenterology. 2016 May;150(6):1262-1279. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.032. Accessed 28 Dec 2016. PMID: 27144617
Ford AC, Moayyedi P, Chey WD, et al. American College of Gastroenterology monograph on management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun;113(Suppl 2):1-18. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0084-x. Accessed 02 May 2019. PMID: 29950604
Moayyedi P, Andrews CN, MacQueen G, et al. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline for the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). JCAG. 2019 Apr;2(1):6-29. doi: 10.1093/jcag/gwy071. Accessed 02 May 2019
Camilleri M. Management options for irritable bowel syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Dec;93(12):1858-1872. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.032. Accessed 30 Aug 2019. PMID: 30522596
Ikechi R, Fischer BD, DeSipio J, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: clinical manifestations, dietary influences, and management. Healthcare (Basel). 2017 Apr;5(2):pii: E21. doi: 10.3390/healthcare5020021. Accessed 30 Aug 2019. PMID: 28445436
McKenzie YA, Bowyer RK, Leach H, et al. (IBS Dietetic Guideline Review Group on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association). British Dietetic Association systematic review and evidence-based practice guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update). J Hum Nutr Diet. 2016 Oct;29(5):549-575. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12385. PMID: 27272325
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk. 2018. Accessed 30 Aug 2019.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Irritable bowel syndrome in adults (qs114). NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk. 2018. Accessed 30 Aug 2019.
Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, de Bari O, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome and diet. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2017 Feb;5(1):11-19. doi: 10.1093/gastro/gow047. Accessed 30 Aug 2019. PMID: 28110300
Song KH, Jung HK, Kim HJ, et al; Clinical Practice Guidelines Group Under the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. Clinical practice guidelines for irritable bowel syndrome in Korea, 2017 revised edition. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Apr 30;24(2):197-215. doi: 10.5056/jnm17145. Accessed 04 Nov 2019. PMID: 29605976
Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1232-1249.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034. Accessed 19 Nov 2020. PMID: 31945360
Farmer AD, Wood E, Ruffle JK. An approach to the care of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. CMAJ. 2020 Mar 16;192(11):E275-E282. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.190716. Accessed 24 Nov 2020. PMID: 32179536
Lacy BE, Pimentel M, Brenner DM, et al. ACG clinical guideline: management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jan 1;116(1):17-44. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001036. Accessed 28 Dec 2020. PMID: 33315591
Chang L, Sultan S, Lembo A, et al. AGA clinical guideline on the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Gastroenterology. 2022 Jul;163(1):118-136. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.016. PMID: 35738724
Chey WD, Hashash JG, Manning L, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the role of diet in irritable bowel syndrome: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2022 May;162(2):1737-1745.e5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.248. PMID: 35337654
Lembo A, Sultan S, Chang L, et al. AGA clinical practice guideline on the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Gastroenterology. 2022 Jul;163(1):137-351. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.017. PMID: 35738725
Wald A. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 27 Feb 2024.
Wald A. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 04 Jan 2024.
Aggeletopoulou I, Papantoniou K, Pastras P, et al. Unraveling the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and insights. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Oct;26(21). doi:10.3390/ijms262110598. Accessed 27 Feb 2026. PMID: PMID: 41226634
Li C, Ying Y, Zheng Y, et al. Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Public Health. 2024;2(1):1034. Accessed 27 Feb 2026
Huang KY, Wang FY, Lv M, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, overlap disorders, pathophysiology and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jul;29(26):4120-4135. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4120. PMID: 37475846
Corsetti M, Shin A, Lacy BE, et al. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2026 May;170(6):1261-1282. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2026.02.003. Accessed 03 Jul 2026. PMID: 41713703