Tổng quan
Asthma is a
heterogeneous disease with chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, as
stated in the Introduction
section.
According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), asthma is a major noncommunicable disease affecting approximately 262
million people worldwide. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of asthma
is in the Epidemiology
section.
The Pathophysiology section
states that asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation,
intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness caused by
interactions among inflammatory and airway cells. The developmental process of
acute tonsillopharyngitis in affected patients is in this section.
Conditions that are
associated with the development and progression of asthma are in the Risk Factors section.
Asthma Pediatric_Disease SummaryHistory and Physical Examination
The Clinical
Presentation section describes the clinical features suggestive
of asthma.
The History section
enumerates the important information that should be noted in children suspected
of asthma, while the Physical Examination section emphasizes the exams to be performed
and signs to be noted on these patients.
Chẩn đoán
Discussions on pulmonary
function testing and allergy tests in the evaluation of children suspected of
asthma are in the Laboratory Tests and
Ancillaries section.
Chest X-ray as a
diagnostic option is discussed in the Imaging section.
Other conditions that should be ruled out in
the diagnosis of asthma are listed in the Differential
Diagnosis section.
Xử trí
Severity assessment of asthma exacerbation is
discussed in the Evaluation
section.
General therapy principles and management plans
in asthma are in the Principles of Therapy
section.
The Nonpharmacological
section includes things to educate the patient, guardian, or
caregiver about the management of asthma.
The Pharmacological Therapy section discusses controller and reliever medications and
preferred inhalation devices in the treatment of childhood asthma. The initial
treatment, management for long-term asthma control, and stepwise therapy based
on control are also discussed in this section.
Discussion on
preventing the onset of asthma in children is in the Prevention section.
The Monitoring
section explains the need for periodic assessment and follow-up in the
management of childhood asthma.
