Tổng quan

As stated in the Introduction section, infections caused by Candida sp are major causes of morbidity and mortality causing diverse spectrum of clinical diseases that range from superficial and mucosal infections to invasive disease associated with candidemia and metastatic organ involvement.

A detailed discussion about the prevalence of candidiasis can be found in the Epidemiology section.

The Pathophysiology section states that candidiasis is a result of Candida overgrowth, accompanied by a breakdown of host defenses and/or localized disruption of the microbiome. Additionally, pathogenicity is made possible through the presence of virulence factors and change in morphology.

As mentioned in the Etiology section, Candida albicans is the causative organism of mucocutaneous candidiasis. Non-albicans species such as Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis have also been identified, with C albicans, C glabrata, C tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, and C kruse being capable of causing invasive disease.

Candidiasis_Disease Summary

History and Physical Examination

The Clinical Presentation section describes the different forms of candidiasis and their respective signs and symptoms.

Chẩn đoán

As stated in the Diagnosis or Diagnostic Criteria section, a detailed patient history and thorough physical examination is strongly recommended as part of the diagnosis of candidiasis.

The various diagnostic tests that can be done in candidiasis are featured in the Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries section.

The Imaging section discusses imaging modalities like non-contrast axial computed tomography (CT) scan and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT ([18F]-FDG PET/CT), and how they can be used in the diagnosis.

The alternative diagnoses for candidiasis and its different presentations are mentioned in the Differential Diagnosis section.

Xử trí

The Principles of Therapy discusses the factors to be considered in choosing an antifungal agent. The duration of treatment and the possible consequences of premature discontinuation are also discussed in this section.

The Pharmacological Therapy section discusses in detail the various agents that can be used in candidiasis.

The Nonpharmacological section states other measures such as removing and properly maintaining dentures how dentures.

The Prevention section mentions the steps for infection control and the different agents effective for the control of Candida spp.

As stated in the Monitoring section, that treatment regimen is modified if symptoms are persistent several days after treatment initiation. This section also discusses the importance of monitoring liver function in those with prolonged azole therapy and doing repeat endoscopy in those with persistent esophageal candidiasis.