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Tổng quan
Acute gastroenteritis is a diarrheal disease of rapid onset, with
increased stool frequency (≥3 within 24 hours), loose stool consistency with or
without fever, vomiting, or abdominal pain, and with the diarrhea lasting for
≤14 days, as stated in the Introduction
section.
Globally, this causes approximately 1.7 billion cases of
childhood diarrheal disease annually, most commonly caused by acute viral
gastroenteritis. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of acute gastroenteritis
is in the Epidemiology
section.
Viruses are one of the common causes of acute
gastroenteritis. Discussion on these pathogens is in the Etiology section.
The Pathophysiology section states that the clinical
manifestation of viral gastroenteritis is due to the effects the viruses and
their cytotoxins have on the enterocytes of the intestines. The development
process of acute viral gastroenteritis in infected patients is in this section.
Gastroenteritis - Viral_Disease SummaryHistory and Physical Examination
The Clinical Presentation section describes the clinical features
suggestive of gastroenteritis.
The importance of a detailed clinical history and a thorough
examination for dehydration assessment in acute gastroenteritis is explained in
the History and Physical Examination sections.
The Screening section discusses the different levels of
dehydration status in acute gastroenteritis.
Chẩn đoán
Discussion on laboratory examinations such as stool culture,
complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, serological assays, and blood
chemistries in the evaluation of patients with acute gastroenteritis is in the Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries section.
Other diseases that should be ruled out in the diagnosis of
viral gastroenteritis are listed in the Differential
Diagnosis section.
Xử trí
Patients should be assessed for severe clinical
manifestations of acute gastroenteritis that would warrant urgent management or
hospitalization. These are enumerated in the Evaluation
section.
The goals of therapy in the management of acute
gastroenteritis are in the Principles of
Therapy section.
The Pharmacological
Therapy section discusses in detail the symptomatic therapy, such
as oral rehydration solution, intravenous (IV) fluids and adjunctive therapy,
in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis.
The Nonpharmacological section includes maintaining hydration, dietary therapy
and things to educate the patient in the management of acute gastroenteritis.
The Prevention section discusses the use of safe and effective vaccines in
the prevention of most cases of viral gastroenteritis.
The Complications
section details the complications encountered by patients diagnosed with viral
gastroenteritis.
