Helicobacter pylori Infection Tóm tắt về bệnh

Tổng quan

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium involved in the development of gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer, as stated in the Introduction section.

The global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori differs widely and is influenced by factors such as a country’s economic status, as well as an individual’s gender, ethnicity, and overall socioeconomic conditions. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is in the Epidemiology section.

The Pathophysiology section states that Helicobacter pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood and, without targeted treatment, tends to persist for life. Once established, Helicobacter pylori attach to or penetrates the gastric mucosa, triggering both localized inflammation in the stomach and systemic inflammatory responses, which can contribute to diseases beyond the gastrointestinal tract. The development process of Helicobacter pylori infection is in this section.

The risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection are age, male gender, hygiene, living in overcrowded areas, lower socioeconomic status, smoking, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and periodontitis. Discussions on these factors are in the Risk Factors section.

Helicobacter pylori Infection_Disease Summary

History and Physical Examination

The Clinical Presentation section emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical examination in patients at risk for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Chẩn đoán

The Screening section discusses the “test and treat” strategy for Helicobacter pylori in the primary care setting and in other patients. 

The advantages and disadvantages of the different non-invasive and invasive methods of Helicobacter pylori testing are in the Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries section.  

The conditions that should be ruled out in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection are listed in the Differential Diagnosis section.

Xử trí

Discussions on “test and treat” for Helicobacter pylori in the primary care setting and prompt investigations in patients with alarm symptoms are in the Evaluation section.

General therapy principles and management of Helicobacter pylori infection are in the Principles of Therapy section.

The Pharmacological Therapy section discusses in detail the recommended regimens for initial therapy such as combination therapies, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics, potassium-competitive acid blockers, adjuvant therapies and alternative regimens in Helicobacter pylori infection.

The Monitoring section explains follow-up recommendations for patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

The Complications section discusses the increased risk for gastrointestinal complications in Helicobacter pylori patients.