Hypertensive Crisis Tóm tắt về bệnh

Tổng quan

The clinical differentiation between hypertensive emergency and acute severe hypertension is dependent on the presence of target organ damage (TOD) rather than the level of blood pressure (BP), as stated in the Introduction section.

It is estimated that approximately 1-2% of individuals with hypertension will experience a hypertensive crisis as a result of untreated or inadequately controlled blood pressure. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of hypertensive crisis is in the Epidemiology section.

The Pathophysiology section states that chronic uncontrolled hypertension causes long-term endothelial injury characterized by oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide production. The development process of hypertensive emergencies in patients is in this section.

The Risk Factors section explains the conditions that may contribute to the development of hypertensive crisis.

Hypertensive Crisis_Disease Summary

History and Physical Examination

The Clinical Presentation section describes the clinical features that may be present in patients evaluated for hypertensive crisis.

The History section discusses the different information needed in the assessment of patients with acute severe hypertension while the Physical Examination section explains the importance of a proper blood pressure measurement and other related examinations.

Chẩn đoán

Discussions on blood examinations such as complete blood count (CBC), creatinine, electrolytes and other tests in the evaluation of hypertensive crisis are in the Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries section. 

The Imaging section lists diagnostic tests such as 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasounds that may be done in patients suspected of hypertensive crisis.

Underlying conditions that can either trigger or occur alongside hypertension-induced organ dysfunction in hypertensive crisis are listed in the Differential Diagnosis section.

Xử trí

General therapy principles and treatment goals in hypertensive crisis are in the Principles of Therapy section.

The Pharmacological Therapy section discusses in detail the preferred antihypertensive agents depending on the type of hypertensive emergencies and acute severe hypertension.