Giới thiệu
Psoriatic Arthritis_Disease BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory, seronegative spondyloarthropathy associated with psoriasis. This may develop in 6-41% of patients with psoriasis. This usually develops after an average of 10 years of cutaneous manifestations. Dermatologists are encouraged to monitor for signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis every visit. All patients suspected of having psoriatic arthritis should be assessed by a rheumatologist so that an early diagnosis can be made and joint damage can be reduced.
Dịch tễ học
The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in the general population ranges from 0.1%-1%. This can develop at any time, including childhood, but most often occurs between 30-50 years old. This affects men and women equally. Peripheral arthritis is more common in women, and axial disease is more common in men. Women have less radiographic progression but worse pain, function, and fatigue outcomes compared to men.
The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis among patients with psoriasis varies considerably across countries. The highest prevalence rates have been reported in Mexico, the United States, Pakistan, and Sweden. In contrast, the lowest prevalence rates worldwide were observed in Israel, Kuwait, and Morocco, reflecting the generally lower prevalence of psoriatic arthritis reported across many countries in Asia and Africa.
Sinh lý bệnh
Psoriatic arthritis results from an interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (eg biomechanical stress, infections, smoking, obesity), local factors according to disease site (joints, skin, spine, and entheses), and interaction with innate and adaptive immune responses. Immune system activation leads to the development of synovitis, enthesitis, erosions, and lesions in the articular cartilage and skin.
Yếu tố nguy cơ
Psoriatic arthritis is a multifactorial disease in which both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its onset, clinical expression, and progression. An increased prevalence among first-degree relatives of affected individuals suggests familial aggregation and a genetic predisposition. Additional risk factors associated with psoriatic arthritis include age, smoking, physical trauma (eg scratches or mosquito bites), obesity, and dietary habits.