Urinary Tract Infection (Pediatric) Tóm tắt về thuốc

Drug	Dosage	Remarks
First Generation
Cefadroxil	25-50 mg/kg/day PO single dose or divided 12 hourly May be increased to 100 mg/kg	Adverse Reactions Hypersensitivity reaction (urticaria, pruritus, severe reactions [eg anaphylaxis] can occur); GI effects (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, rarely antibiotic-associated diarrhea/colitis); Other effects (candidal infections, injection site inflammation) High doses may be associated with CNS effects (encephalopathy, convulsions); Rarely hematologic, hepatic and renal effects have occurred Prolonged prothrombin time (PT), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and/or hypoprothrombinemia (with or without bleeding time) have been reported and occurs most frequently with   N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT) side chain containing cephalosporins Special Instructions May be taken with food to decrease gastric distress Ceftriaxone is contraindicated in hyperbilirubinemic neonates Avoid simultaneous administration of Ceftriaxone with IV Ca-containing solution Use suspension containing Sodium benzoate with caution in neonates as this has been associated with gasping syndrome Use with caution in patients allergic to Penicillin, there may be 10% chance of cross sensitivity; and in patients with renal impairment and GI disease especially with history of colitis
Cefalexin	25-100 mg/kg/day PO divided 6 hourly Max dose: 4 g/day
Cefazolin	20-50 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-12 hourly Max dose: 100 mg/kg/day
Second Generation
Cefaclor	>1 month old: 20-40 mg/kg/day PO divided 8 hourly Max dose: 1 g/day
Cefamandole	50-100 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 4-8 hourly Severe infections: 150 mg/kg/day
Cefprozil	>12 years old: 500 mg PO 24 hourly
Cefuroxime	10 mg/kg PO 12 hourly Max dose: 500 mg/day 30-100 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-8 hourly
Third Generation
Cefdinir	14 mg/kg/day PO 24 hourly or divided 12 hourly
Cefixime	≥6 months old: 1.5-3 mg/kg PO 12 hourly >12 years old: 100 mg PO 24 hourly Severe infections: 6 mg/kg PO 12 hourly
Cefoperazone	25-200 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-12 hourly Max dose: 12 g/day Neonate <8 days: 50-200 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 12 hourly
Cefotaxime	Premature and newborn: 50 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 12 hourly 1 month-12 years old: 50-100 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-12 hourly >12 years old: 1 g IM/IV 12 hourly Severe infections: 150-200 mg/kg/day Max dose: 12 g/day
Cefpodoxime	8-10 mg/kg PO 12 hourly
Ceftazidime	30-100 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 8-12 hourly Max dose: 6 g/day
Ceftriaxone	Neonate: 20-50 mg/kg IM/IV 24 hourly Max dose: 50 mg/kg/day Children and Infant: 20-80 mg/kg IM/IV 24 hourly Max dose: 80 mg/kg/day
Fourth Generation
Cefepime	1-2 months old: 30 mg/kg IM/IV 8-12 hourly >2 months old and ≤40 kg: 50 mg/kg IM/IV 8-12 hourly
Cephalosporin with Beta-lactamase Inhibitor
Cefoperazone/sulbactam	Vial 1 gram 40-80 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-12 hourly (1:1 Ratio) Severe infections: 160 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-12 hourly Vial 1.5 gram 30-60 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-12 hourly (2:1 Ratio) Severe infections: 240 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-12 hourly

Drug	Dosage	Remarks
Aminopenicillins with or without Beta-lactamase Inhibitors
Amoxicillin	20-40 mg/kg/day PO divided 8 hourly	Adverse Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, urticaria, pruritus, severe reactions [eg anaphylaxis] can occur); GI effects (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, rarely antibiotic-associated diarrhea/colitis); Other effect (candidal infections) Rarely hematologic, renal and hepatic effects; High doses may be associated with CNS effects (encephalopathy, convulsions) Special Instructions Avoid in patients with Penicillin allergy Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Co-amoxiclav, Amoxicillin/clavulanate)	20-40 mg/kg/day PO divided 8 hourly based on Amoxicillin ≤3 months old: 25-30 mg/kg IV 8-12 hourly 3 months-12 years old: 25-30 mg/kg IV 6-8 hourly
Amoxicillin/sulbactam	<2 years and nursing infant: 5 mL 8 hourly or 7.5 mL 12 hourly Children 2-6 years old: 10 mL 8 hourly Children >20 kg: 10-20 mL 8-12 hourly FC Tab Children ≥12 years old: 500 mg PO 8 hourly Suspension 40-100 mg/kg/day 8-12 hourly Injection 1 year old or older weighing ≤40 kg: 60-150 mg/kg/day IV/IV infusion 8 hourly May be increased to 150 mg/kg/day for severe infections Max dose: 4 g Sulbactam/8 g Amoxicillin 24 hourly
Ampicillin	50-100 mg/kg/day PO divided 6 hourly or 50-100 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6 hourly
Ampicillin/sulbactam (Sultamicillin)	<30 kg: 25-50 mg/kg/day PO divided 12 hourly based on Ampicillin or 150 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided 6-8 hourly
Antipseudomonal Penicillins with or without Beta-lactamase Inhibitors
Piperacillin	<7 days old/<2 kg: 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM in 3 divided doses >7 days old and >2 kg: 300 mg/kg/day IV/IM in 3-4 divided doses 1 month-12 years old: 100-300 mg/kg/day IV/IM in 3-4 divided doses
Piperacillin/tazobactam	Neonate <7 days old or <2 kg: 150 mg/kg/day IV in 3 divided doses Neonate >7 days old or >2 kg: 300 mg/kg/day IV in 3-4 divided doses Children 1 month - 12 years old: 100-300 mg/kg/day IV in 3-4 divided doses May be administered as slow IV injection over 3-5 minutes or as IV infusion over 20-40 minutes

All dosage recommendations are for children with normal renal and hepatic function unless otherwise stated. 
Not all products are available or approved for above use in all countries. 
Products listed in the Drug Summary are based on indications stated in the locally approved product monographs. 
Please refer to local product monographs in Related MIMS Drugs for country-specific prescribing information.