Upadacitinib shows therapeutic potential in SAPHO syndrome

In the treatment of patients with SAPHO syndrome, the use of upadacitinib appears to confer rapid improvements in musculoskeletal and cutaneous lesions, without serious adverse reactions, according to a retrospective observational study.

The study included 35 patients with SAPHO syndrome diagnosed within the past year and who were treated with upadacitinib. Efficacy was assessed using the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) and the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI). Safety was also evaluated based on the incidence of adverse events during the 12-week treatment period.

Significant reductions in both ASDAS-CRP and PPPASI scores occurred as early as week 4 (−1.01 and −11.41, respectively; p<0.001 for both). ASDAS-CRP and PPPASI scores further decreased at week 12 (−1.50 and −14.69, respectively; p<0.001 for both).

Similar improvements were observed in the Visual Analogue Scale for overall musculoskeletal pain, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, and other quality-of-life measures.

In terms of safety, upadacitinib was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events documented. Upper respiratory tract was the most common adverse event, occurring in 20 percent of patients. Other mild adverse events included elevated alanine aminotransferase, nausea, mild headache, and sore throat.

The findings highlight the potential of upadacitinib as a therapeutic option in clinical practice.