Clinical Overview of Osteoarthritis and Current Management Strategies

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis, mostly affecting individuals >40years old. OA frequently involves weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, lower back, and cervical spine. The primary aetiologies are ageing—where cumulative mechanical wear accelerates cartilage decline—and obesity, which increases joint load. Other contributing factors include joint malformations, genetic defects in cartilage, and prior injuries.