Silent but Serious: A Comprehensive Look at IgA Nephropathy and C3 Glomerulopathy in Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a group of immune-mediated disorders that result in glomerular injury. It can arise from both primary renal diseases, such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy (cardiovascular complications) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), or secondary conditions like lupus nephritis (LN). IgAN has shown an increasing trend in Malaysia, with prevalence of biopsy proven IgAN rising from19.6% (2005-2009) to 29.5% (2020), based on recent findings. In contrast, C3G is an ultra-rare and severe form of GN. However, there is currently no available data on the incidence or prevalence of GN in Malaysia. Without timely intervention, GN can lead to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), often accompanied by cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis and personalised management are crucial for slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.