Hypertensive Crisis References

Last updated: 12 December 2025
  1. Rodriguez MA, Kumar SK, De Caro M. Hypertensive crisis. Cardiol Rev. 2010 Mar;18(2):102-107. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181c307b7. PMID: 20160537
  2. MedWorm - Hypertensionhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/conditions/Hypertension-News.xml
  3. Elliott WJ, Varon J. Evaluation and treatment of hypertensive emergencies in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 14 Jun 2023. Accessed 08 Apr 2015.
  4. Salgado DR, Silva E, Vincent JL. Control of hypertension in the critically ill: a pathophysiological approach. Ann Intensive Care. 2013 Jun 27;3(1):17. doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-3-17. Accessed 31 Jul 2015. PMID: 3806076
  5. Elliott WJ, Varon J. Drugs used for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 06 Oct 2023. Accessed 12 Aug 2016.
  6. Varon J, Elliott WJ. Management of severe asymptomatic hypertension (hypertensive urgencies) in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 18 Oct 2023. Accessed 05 Sep 2017.
  7. Malaysian Society of Hypertension, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Academy of Medicine of Malaysia. Clinical practice guidelines. Management of hypertension. 5th edition (2018). Academy of Medicine of Malaysia. http://www.acadmed.org.my. 2018. Accessed 07 Dec 2018.
  8. Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2020 Jun;75(6):1334-1357. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026. Accessed 01 Jun 2020. PMID: 32370572
  9. Van der Born BH, Lip GYH, Brguljan-Hitij J, et al. ESC Council on hypertension position document on the management of hypertensive emergencies. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;5(1):37-46. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvy032. Accessed 01 Jun 2020. PMID: 30339228
  10. Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstrom M, et al. 2023 ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens. 2023 Dec 1;41(12):1874-2071. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480. Accessed 16 Mar 2024. PMID: 37345492
  11. McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024 Aug 30:ehae178. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178. Accessed 31 Aug 2024. PMID: 39210715
  12. Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, et al. 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2025 Aug 14. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356. Accessed 15 Apr 2026. PMID: 40811497
  13. Department of Health (DOH) Philippines, Philippine Heart Association, Philippine College of Cardiology and Philippine Society of Hypertension. 2024 Philippine clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute severe blood pressure elevation. DOH Philippines. https://doh.gov.ph. 2024.